Goguryeo had maintained one of the strongest, bravest and well-organized armies in the world, and commanders of the Koguryo army were wise and tactical. Unlike most armies of the era in which soldiers were jack-of-all-trades, the Koguryo army was made of specialists: archers, crossbowmen, spearmen, catapult operators, horsemen, wall-climbers, and so on. Often Goguryo army easily defeated the larger number of foreign troops including outnumbered Chinese soldiers.